The bipartisan rebuke saw four Republican senators—Rand Paul, Susan Collins, Mitch McConnell, and Lisa Murkowski—join Democrats in challenging the tariffs, which were enacted under a national emergency declaration using Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act.

Critics argued the tariffs strained U.S.–Canada trade ties and risked economic disruption, while supporters viewed them as a defense of American industry. The resolution, passed under the Congressional Review Act, highlighted deep divisions within the GOP and raised constitutional questions about executive power.